What Air America Tells Us About the Difference Between Conservative and Liberal Benefactors

by: David Sirota

Tue Feb 09, 2010 at 09:00


Former Air America CEO Danny Goldberg has a must-read on the demise of the radio network and what he believes it tells us about the difference between conservative movement funders and their (supposed) progressive counterparts. Here's the key excerpt:

Conservatives believe in doing whatever it takes to promote their ideas. Richard Viguerie, viewed as one of the architects of the modern conservative movement, wrote a book in 2004 called America's Right Turn: How Conservatives Used New and Alternative Media To Take Power, in which he explains how the right wing used talk radio among other tools. Viguerie stresses that conservatives understand that ideological change does not usually occur overnight; that it takes patience and long-term thinking to build a movement...

The fatal flaw in Air America's genetic code was the pretense that liberal talk radio was a great business opportunity, that progressives could have their cake and eat it too, could do well by doing good, make big salaries and get a great return on investment while also pursuing an ideological agenda. Sure, every once in a while political media like Michael Moore's movies or Rush Limbaugh's radio show will make money, but for those interested in influencing public opinion, media in all venues is vital whether it makes money or not...

Perhaps the major liberal donors are confused because they became accustomed to focus groups and polling, which are useful tools in predicting short-term public reaction to political messages. They can tell you if a particular TV spot will turn off swing voters two weeks before an election. But long-term political ideas have a more complex and uncertain creative path. Conservatives understand the need to focus on both long- and short-term political communication...

Whatever the reasons, the theory of leaving political media to the marketplace has enabled a status quo in which one-third of the American public are never exposed to progressive ideas or even to facts that are incompatible with the right-wing narrative.

Identifying, developing and marketing talent takes a lot of experimentation with a predictable amount of failures in order to establish successes. This is part of the reason it took even an ultimately successful company like Fox News years to turn a profit. Another need for investment was to market a brand-new format with lots of personalities new to radio and to give incentives for radio station owners in smaller markets to give the new format a chance.

Although the earliest and wackiest group of Air America owners overspent on a few items like studios and initial salaries, within months the primary characteristic of Air America was a lack of cash for marketing, affiliate growth and talent development. The pressure from wealthy liberals was not to create a long-term strategy as conservatives had done, but to show a business model that would turn a profit in a year or two.

To his credit, Goldberg acknowledges that he was far from a perfect manager during his tenure at Air America. But he goes on - rightly, IMHO - to point out that regardless of management, this key difference between conservative and progressive investors have inherently tilted the scales against Air America and progressive media in general.

What explains this difference? That's a good question. I think it is a mix of starfucker-ism and ideological bankruptcy on the part of major progressive individual and institutional donors.  

David Sirota :: What Air America Tells Us About the Difference Between Conservative and Liberal Benefactors
Starfucker-ism is short for an ideology among rich political donors that says getting face time with famous politicians is far more important than getting politicians to actually pass anything in particular.

This is a much bigger problem among progressive donors than it is among conservative donors, primarily because of self-interest. Whereas the rich right-wing donor is giving to conservative media/politicians in order to legislate policies that protect rich people's wealth, the rich progressive donor is giving to progressive media/politicians not out of such self-interest. At best, they are giving out of true principle and noblesse oblige, but often, they are giving to feel important and special - and in our celebrity obsessed culture, one way to feel that is to get to hang around with famous people. Donor money spent on that, therefore, is not as devoted to any particular principle, much less progressive ones that might undermine the donors' wealth/status and alienate them from famous politicians.

That leads to the second problem - core principles. Simply put, there are many Democratic Party donors who are just not progressive. This is not shocking - many wealthy people are just not interested in policies that might change a system of economic inequality that has enriched them. They may give to the Democratic Party perhaps because they are liberal on non-economic social issues, but they aren't exactly interested in the kinds of New Deal economics that built a successful progressive movement in the past.

What you are left with, then, are progressive institutions that rely on a funding base that isn't genuinely committed to anything progressive, especially those that will take years to develop famous people who might at some point at least attract the unabashed starfuckers. Not surprisingly, many of these institutions then become either A) not all that progressive or B) not even minimally financially capitalized.

Although certainly more a victim of the second than the first, Air America was a little bit of both. At times it was far more interested in simply shilling for the Democratic Party rather than discussing a transpartisan progressive agenda, and - as Goldberg says - almost all the time it suffered from a lack of basic resources.

I'll add one other problem that I think Goldberg doesn't fully address, but that is related to this problem in progressive media. As I alluded to in an earlier post, many progressive media suffer from a simple lack of talent and talent incubation.

As many program directors and just casual media consumers will tell you, many progressive media voices don't seem to fully grasp the audience's desire for a mix between "political" and "non-political" content. Some call this an entertainment gap - the idea that progressive writers and talk show hosts just aren't "entertaining." Call it whatever you want, but I do think it is very real.

Too many progressive media voices believe the average media consumer makes a distinction between "political" content and "non-political" content, and that the way to match the right is to simply yell louder. And while volume/capacity is certainly one reason conservative media has done well, so is conservative media's attention to the mass audience's sensibilities.

Here's the truth: The "political"/"non-political" distinction that hard-core progressive activists make is not a distinction that most of the general mass audience makes. The average non-political person out there just wants compelling content - and I'm sorry to say that when you turn on your radio dial or television (as just two examples) you don't get much of that from the progressive voices out there. You certainly get important facts and information, and you are getting some more progressive voices yelling louder...but compelling, entertaining content? It's really rare - and becoming more rare.

Let me end by saying that nobody is perfect, of course. I can speak for myself in saying I'm trying my damndest to learn and implement these lessons on my radio show and in my writing but I'm certainly not perfect - not even close. What I am trying to be, at least, is cognizant - cognizant that if progressive media is going to reach a broader audience than just hard-core progressives, we must understand that audience, and not just scream more loudly at them.

And so I've tried to mix in discussions of policy with discussions of culture, movies, music and all the other forces in society that don't fit neatly into the "political" silo. Sure, I've been predictably criticized by some hard-core progressive activists for this (sidenote: the conservative claim that a portion of the hard-core progressive base is absolutely - and repulsively - humorless has some truth to it). But I think I've started to reach a broader audience.

That will ultimately be the key to success - not just for me, but for every progressive working in media. To get there, we must understand that we're probably not going to get the kind of financial support that conservatives get, because of the differences in conservative and progressive donors. But I think, despite the odds, we can get there, as long as we understand the challenges ahead.

* It is important to understand that the traits displayed by individual donors are similar to those displayed by institutional donors, because institutional donors are headed by individuals with much the same self-interest. It's not that, say, a union leader is as rich as a Democratic multimillionare Wall Street donor and wants to protect his/her own personal bank account - but it is that the union leader can, individually, be just as much of a politician starfucker and therefore just as uncommitted to genuine progressive principles as that multimillionaire.


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a lot to chew on (4.00 / 3)
You're right -- 1. Right wing radio doesn't need to make a profit for its backers to be happy. Not the same for progressive media.

2. Content matters -- and the content of progressive media hasn't been that great.

3. Creating new content will help tremendously.

Regarding the content, it might be a good idea to have a progressive music station, with progressive DJs playing music that you don't hear on all the Top 40 stations -- and who are free to editorialize as they see fit. You could also have movie reviews, sports features, cooking stuff, etc., all with a progressive slant. (Cooking show could be about locally grown food, for instance.)

It's this kind of content that will attract advertisers ... which leads us to a couple of challenges you left out:  

1. Will advertisers buy into it if the on-air voices are critical of their industry?

2. Will bankers agree to finance it if the talent is critical of banking industry?

Not sure how to resolve all this, but you're definitely on to something.


but to show a business model that would turn a profit in a year or two. (4.00 / 3)
This is indicative of what is wrong with the whole damned party.  These are the "new" Democrats.  They don't care about politics or policy.  They only care about money, and their own success.  

They're asking for another four years -- in a just world, they'd get 10 to 20. ~~ Dennis Kucinich  

Content (4.00 / 1)
"And so I've tried to mix in discussions of policy with discussions of culture, movies, music and all the other forces in society that don't fit neatly into the "political" silo."

The lack of non-political content is an important factor for me.  After it dumped all of the hosts that I liked, there was nothing to bring me back to AAR.  While the quality of its political coverage is questionable, NPR provides an wide variety of non-political content - much of which I'm not interested in, but more than enough to keep me listening.  I think this reflects an inherent asymmetry between the audiences.  Progressive/liberals/whatever just aren't interested in hearing what they already believe or know repeated endless, unlike conservatives.  Right wing talk radio basically serves up the same crap in 27 different packages.  Left wing talk won't succeed by simply mirroring that formula.


Need more sports (4.00 / 6)
If anyone ever tries anything like Air America again, there should be a sports-oriented show whose angle on things is to blast mainstream sports broadcasters as being idiots.  Visit websites like Baseball Prospectus and Football Outsiders for the kind of stuff I'm talking about.

There's actually a lot of similarity between progressive complaints about the political journalism establishment and stathead complaints about the sports journalism establishment.  (That's a future column idea for you, Mr. Sirota.)

Things You Don't Talk About in Polite Company: Religion, Politics, the Occasional Intersection of Both


[ Parent ]
And don't forget.. (0.00 / 0)
to look through the archives of FireJoeMorgan.com.

[ Parent ]
The rich are just like you and me ... (4.00 / 5)
they just have more money.

Since the corporatocracy is much richer than the sum of all rich liberals, we shouldn't waste time bitching and moaning about their lack of support for progressive media.

We're always going to lack for funding - get used to it.

Therefore, the idea that progressive media needs to "live off the land" and turn a profit is not pernicious, it's reality.  In that context, I'm actually somewhat impressed with my local "progresive talk" station's durability.  (Although I will admit that the damned "Green, Green, Green" Public Service ad for Radon testing is rotting my brain).

On the other hand, I'm very impressed with David's attempts to figure this out, adjust content, etc., in the market he is serving.  Going beyond politics is important, especially given the unimpresive political scene we are confronted with.

sTiVo's rule: Just because YOU "wouldn't put it past 'em" doesn't prove that THEY did it.


Corporate Media & its consequences (0.00 / 0)
An additional, important barrier for progressive radio is that corporate radio tilts right & thus often blackballs time slots for progressive voices. Take Clear Channel, whose tennacles reach all across America - they promote right wing radio causes & reject voices in opposition.

conservatives do get a better payback though (4.00 / 4)
Because 20 years of losing money is worth it if it leads to conservative politicians, who will pass tax cuts for those same donors.

A liberal donor doesn't get any financial payoff from progressive politicians. So they can't handle more than 2 years of losses.

It's much simpler than you think. Corruption favors conservative donors, and cuts against progressive donors.


Three Quick Comments (4.00 / 3)
(1) I've noted this before--a point made on a local Pacifica show, I forget who made it--that Air America tried to launch a whole network, which was unprecedented, rather than developing syndication franchises.  There may well have been good reasons for this, but even so it made for an uphill climb, one aspect of which is that it exacerbated the problem of talent development, and feeds into what you have to say about that.

(2) The mix of culture and politics is more natural on the right for a number of reasons, chief of them being that the right has always used the amplification of status quo cultural practices to oppose progressive reforms, so melding culture and politics in a "common sense" fashion is not just their home field, but their game of choice.  While the left has produced a vast array of talented story-tellers--from songwriters to screenwriters to historians--who do the reverse of this, it is by nature a counter-narrative tradition they are working in (and oftern just making up as they go along) that challenges the existing "common sense", and hence is more difficult to do, and more unusual for people to hear.

(3) Furthermore, because of #2 above, when conservatives talk about culture, it serves political ends much more directly and impactfully.  Appealing to hierarhical values--anti-immigrant, anti-gay, whatever--has fairly direct political consequences, whereas challenging them is largely a defensive act, that at best helps set the stage for a more explicitly political discussion, which is likely to be a relative snooze in terms of entertainment value.

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


However.... (0.00 / 0)
This historical counter narrative tradition is begining to dovetail with significant demographic changes in American life. All of Chris's ongoing polling data and demographic analysis clearly shows somewhere around 52% of Americans supporting Democratic and/or liberal-leaning policies with both the population and support heavily skewed in "rainbow" states outside of the traditional heartland and south.

At it's heart this is why I think Obama is taking so much flack from left and right.  Identity.  Yes, there are significant policy and personnel decisions that could have and should have been done differently ---- but the right and many "traditional" Americans view Obama as symbolic of a change they have long feared:  black and brown people with equal status and even worse, in positions of authority!

And I think White Progressives expect Obama to immediately transform today's America into tomorrow's America not fully realizing the constraints Obama operates under as a black middle class president from America's first 21st century state in a nation where about a third of the population denies his legitimacy and authenticity.

I think this provides a significant white space opportunity for progressives and left-liberals to take a crack at building progressive media that speaks to tomorrow's America from a political, cultural, informative and entertainment frame.   But no, we won't become millionaires doing it --- at least not in the short run.  :)
 


[ Parent ]
This (4.00 / 1)
This is a much bigger problem among progressive donors than it is among conservative donors, primarily because of self-interest. Whereas the rich right-wing donor is giving to conservative media/politicians in order to legislate policies that protect rich people's wealth, the rich progressive donor is giving to progressive media/politicians not out of such self-interest.

I think this really explains everything.  While there may be truth to the rest of the post, this is the real difference.  When supper wealthy people give money to conservative causes, they are making a logical investment, directly effecting their bottom line.  Just the smallest change in tax code and they get back all their money many times over.  For them, this money is better invested than any hedge fund or whatnot.

There simply is no equivalent on our side.


RW giving (4.00 / 1)
Actually, many of the RW big investors in RW think tanks (a misnomer), radio & TV, such as Coors, Mellon Scaife, Murdock et al did so out of deep convictions rather than expected financial gains. The extremely wealthy, as a group, believe they earned their money fair & square & government has no business taxing it or regulating their business enterprises no matter what the damage to the public. There are a much smaller number of billionaires that are sympathetic to progressive ideas.

[ Parent ]
Although (0.00 / 0)
This really doesn't explain Sun Yung Moon, who's after power, pure and simple, and was quite willing to lose limitless quantities of money in one domain while raking it in in others.

Nor does it explain why major rightwing foundations like Bradley, Scaife, etc. were willing to pour their resources into consciously designed hegemonic warfare--media outlets,  "think tanks" that think almost entirely about strategically saleable ideas, "talent development" and the like--while progressive foundations do no such thing.

I'm not saying you're wrong to call attention to this, Mark.  I just don't think it's the only major factor out there.

"You know what they say -- those of us who fail history... doomed to repeat it in summer school." -- Buffy The Vampire Slayer, Season 6, Episode 3


[ Parent ]
The Political/Non Political Entertainment Mix (0.00 / 0)
Explains the success of Stewart & Colbert.  Lessons learned perhaps?

CurrentTV -- though not explicitly progressive -- also seems to be striking a nice balance between information and entertainment though they are still way over skewed away from political topics.  But their shorts and documentaries are very informative and provide good cultural context and background to many of the stories which are in fact political at the end of the day.  


the irony of long term planning... (4.00 / 1)
Conservatism won't allow a long term view in foreign policy, it's always immediate reactions to the latest "news" about terrorism... shock doctrine in all areas is based on now, now, now. But the people behind the scenes do know about long term shifts in culture and media. And the egghead liberals who are sneered at for long term planning actually aren't very good at thinking past the next election.  

"I think the economic logic behind dumping a load of toxic waste in the lowest wage country is impeccable and we should face up to that."
-Lawrence Summers


There are examples... (4.00 / 1)
Jon Stewart provides an excellent framework. And that show makes money.

Not quite there (4.00 / 2)
I can somewhat agree with Goldberg that backers of progressive media are too impatient. And I certainly agree with David that there is a lack of talent and entertainment quality in progressive programming.

But I think there are stark differences in how conservatives and progressives understand media and their power. For instance, it's interesting that Goldberg mentions Richard Viguerie. He is known as "the father of political direct marketing". And long before anyone on the left had a clue about how to use media to generate political action, Viguerie built up a huge empire of direct mail, radio and TV advertising capability that took the Dems many years to catch up to.

In my career, I've worked with organizations on both the right and the left and the differences between what conservatives like Viguerie understand about the media contrasts with his counterparts on the left in at least two ways:

Tactics Vs. Strategy -- Conservatives focus their use of media much more so on the tactics of generating specific audience responses rather than progressives who tend to focus more on long term goals of educating an audience. The former is way more cost-efficient than the latter.

Process Vs. Product -- Conservatives are more apt to see media as a means to an end while a lot of progressives focus on media as an end result. For instance, conservatives seem more comfortable at using various media for testing and scrapping different messages and concepts while progressives emphasize getting something right the first time and sticking with it.

The reasons why these differences exist takes too long to explain in a blog comment. But just because conservatives have the advantage of having rich businessmen as their natural constituency is no excuse for progressives to fail at creating sustainable media solutions for their communication problems.  


Layers within layers (4.00 / 1)
A lot of good topics raised, David.  Thanks for keeping the light focused on the subject, since the absence of liberal radio is a big part of why we keep getting our asses handed to us in the great policy debates.

Having been doing liberal radio for the last six years (five of them on the internet), I thought folks might want to see what kind of a response a well-received show can generate:  http://blog.buzzflash.com/inte...

The problem is multi-faceted: (1) the aggregation of station ownership into a very few hands serves to lock potential liberal station owners out of the market; (2) those same "starfuckers" you mentioned are absolutely a huge part of the problem.  The right-wing is MUCH more committed to their ideologies than our side is; (3) no one has really developed a liberal radio commercial advertising model that doesn't rely on the same hustles (vaccuum cleaners/mattresses/herbal remedies) the right-wing model does; (4) a whole BUNCH of important liberal orgs (unions, etc.) flat-out don't GET the idea of fighting back against the right in the same medium the right uses, and hence won't support it; (5) rank-and-file liberals, for a variety of reasons, tend not to support liberal radio because the fail to understand the concept of creating "weight" behind an issue so that there is a core of people with whom to identify.

That's the tip of the iceberg as I see it.


The simple explanation (0.00 / 0)
Conservative benefactor have economic interests in what they promote. Liberal benefactors don't. The economic factors favor conservative benefactors because the successes of their cause further enriches them. Not so for liberal benefactors, who promote causes that advance an agenda based on fairness and distributive justice. No money for the already rich in that. It's got to be the satisfaction of knowing that you have done the right thing. That takes people of honor, as trait sorely lacking among conservatives.

"Efficiency is doing things right, and effectiveness is dong the right thing."
Peter F. Drucker.


An alternate theory (4.00 / 1)
It's the content, stupid. And AAR just kind of sucked.

First, there was this strange notion of launching an old media enterprise at the dawn of the new media revolution. The left wing might have been hungry for talk radio back in the 90's, but by 2004 it had already found plenty of other outlets - notably the blogosphere. Seriously, who listens to the radio?

Second, it seemed to waste a ton of money trying to get expensive talent (Al Franken, Jerry Springer) - rather than just incubating cheaper talent and letting them find an audience (in fairness, they did this with Rachel Maddow).

But by contrast, Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert seem to bring in a bit of money for Comedy Central, without any political backing or donors. Bill Maher draws enough people to HBO for them to keep him around. NPR isn't exclusively political or explicitly left wing, but it survives.

People will watch when the content is actually worth watching, and where there's eyeballs there's money. That just wasn't the case with Air America.


New Media? (0.00 / 0)
Granted, the liberal blogosphere helped get rid of some Bush Republicans in 2006, but since then--not much.  Obama became their darling, and he's still trying to figure out where he stands.  No wonder it's hard to sell liberalism.

Air America was completely mismanaged.  Rachel Maddow's talent got her out alive, but it's a crime that Sam Seder isn't still on the air somewhere. He should be a star today.

Ed Schultz and Stephanie Miller get ratings and have entertaining shows. With a little help from progressise politicans (President Obama?) others might follow.

Talk radio is all about contrast and confontation.  Deal with it.

 


[ Parent ]
Who listens to radio? (4.00 / 1)
Millions of people per day listen to radio.  Liberals more or less adopted a "So what" attitude and that disastrous choice continues to cost us dearly.

You can't watch the electrick computer box while driving, nor the teevee box.  How many blog posts may a person read or respond to in traffic?  Moreover, blogging's shortcoming is its inability to provide real, realtime interactivity.  

Radio remains the most creative broadcast medium because it remains "theatre of the mind."


[ Parent ]
Curious as to How HuffPost Fits Into This (0.00 / 0)
I've been thinking lately about HuffPost and Arianna Huffington along those lines too. Mainly that it's a damn shame she'd rather run an awful disorganized tabloidy rag in an effort to be profitable than accept some losses over time to provide something like a Super-TPM as a public service and a productive way of spending money she and her network would likely earmark to donate to political causes to begin with.

Of course I'm assuming there that the decisions that have shaped HuffPo are entirely profit-motivated, which may be a bad assumption. It may just be the idiosyncrasies of Arianna and her crew to some degree. I remember thinking something was a little fishy when it launched with so much fanfare as the great Progressive new media hope, and there I was being treated to freaking Deepak Chopra's opinions on crystals and shit. That might fall under the starfucking part of the equation, or at least the incestuous class-based obliviousness thing.

Though HuffPo does also fall positively into the other aspect of what you're talking about, in terms of covering cultural and other topics and being entertaining. There's no disputing that they've been able to gain a broader audience that way. Unfortunately, in the process they've so diluted the political side of things so much that it's almost worthless. There have to be ways to strike a better balance, and to better integrate the cultural and entertainment topics with the political POV, so they aren't working at cross-purposes or flat out drowning one another out. But, of course, that requires actually having a coherent POV, and being willing to be disciplined and stick to it over time, and to pay to develop and retain good talent, and to accept the likely losses that implies. It seems a tough hill to climb, especially with the sorry state of monied liberal elites right now.

I wish George Soros really would just start randomly splashing billions around to people with good ideas and good politics. That's one aspect of the crazy wingnut conspiracy worldview that would be totally awesome if it had any truth to it. Hell, he could probably write checks tomorrow to let most everyone of note in the lefty blogosphere and alternative media world do their thing professionally for five years with no funding worries if he wanted to. Never gonna happen, not even a fraction of it. In the end Pete Coors and Richard Mellon Scaife just care a lot more about their political allegiances and about outcomes than most liberal donors do. They're willing to put their money where their mouth is.


Geogre Soros (0.00 / 0)
is not as "good" as you seem to think!  He really only thinks about himself.

[ Parent ]
sad, untold story (0.00 / 0)
Thank you for making many, many brilliant points that have not been articulated before. I and a few friends have known about this entertainment gap for the last few years, as the most talented young progressive entertainers are ignored by the people who could have helped them to survive and grow into a movement. Rich liberals do not know or care how to nurture up-and-coming talent the way rich conservatives do. Official liberaldom has only passing or incidental communication and cross-fertilization with natural allies in comedy, music, media or art.

If one were to walk into a Tea Party convention doing a funny, satirical, politically-charged comedic impression of Barack Obama, one would get an overnight push, be folded into the Right Wing media apparatus and hired constantly to work in support of the movement. With a handful of exceptions I'll never forget, the opposite happened when I walked into Yearly Kos in 2006 doing a funny, satirical, politically-charged comedic impression of George W. Bush in front of some of the most powerful liberal media figures in the country.

Another good point on the humor gap among activist liberals. Every progressive comedian knows about this. Comedy is naturally the art of people predisposed to lefty politics, but it also thrives on absurdity, danger, darkness, filth and offensive material, all of which sadly turn off many people on the earnest "better-the-world" political side of things.

http://www.funnyordie.com/jame...







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